With the development of the new energy automobile industry, lithium batteries have quickly attracted a large number of applications due to their many advantages, and are currently widely used. As power batteries with high energy density - ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries, they are all types of lithium batteries. Let's talk about the difference between the two today.
1. The difference in safety: the safety performance of lithium iron phosphate battery is higher than that of ternary lithium battery, mainly because the heat resistance of lithium iron phosphate battery is better, and the thermal runaway temperature can reach more than 800 degrees, that is, iron phosphate Lithium batteries will not spontaneously ignite if they do not reach 800 degrees. The ternary lithium battery is different, the thermal runaway temperature is basically around 200 degrees, so for hot areas, the risk of spontaneous combustion of the ternary lithium battery will be higher.
2. The service life is different: the cycle life of lithium iron phosphate battery is better than that of ternary lithium battery. The general ternary lithium battery has a nominal cycle of about 2000 times, but when it is used for no more than 1000 times, it will The capacity is attenuated to half, while the lithium iron phosphate battery only attenuates by about 20%.
3. Different energy density: The energy density of ternary lithium batteries is higher than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. The level of energy density means how much battery life is. For batteries with the same capacity, the volume of lithium iron phosphate is smaller than that of ternary lithium batteries. Much bigger.
4. Different low temperature resistance: the low temperature resistance of ternary lithium battery is better than that of lithium iron phosphate battery. For example, at minus 20 degrees, ternary lithium battery can release about 70% of the power, while phosphoric acid Lithium-iron batteries can only release about 50% of their power at the same low temperature.
In terms of price, the production cost of ternary lithium battery is high, and the price is relatively high, while the price of lithium iron phosphate battery is lower.
In general, the energy density of ternary lithium batteries is higher than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries is generally better than that of ternary lithium batteries.
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery
(1) Large-scale electric vehicles: buses, electric vehicles, sightseeing buses and hybrid vehicles, etc.;
(2) Light electric vehicles: electric bicycles, golf carts, small flat battery vehicles, forklifts, cleaning vehicles, electric wheelchairs, etc.;
(3) Power tools: electric drills, chainsaws, lawn mowers, etc.
2. Ternary lithium battery: widely used in mobile and wireless electronic equipment, electric tools, hybrid and electric vehicles and other fields.
According to data released by the industry research organization GGII, China's lithium iron phosphate battery shipments in 2021 will be 117 GWh, a year-on-year increase of 270%; ternary lithium battery shipments will be 109 GWh , an increase of 127% year-on-year. Judging from the monthly data in 2021, the shipment volume of lithium iron phosphate batteries has exceeded that of ternary lithium batteries for several consecutive months. The main reasons are as follows:
1. As the domestic new energy vehicle subsidies are expected to be withdrawn in 2023, the advantage of ternary lithium batteries in obtaining policy subsidies with higher energy density will be weakened, and the price will be higher. Superimposed on the phosphoric acid in the field of electrochemical energy storage in the next few years The market demand for lithium iron batteries has risen, making the output growth rate of lithium iron phosphate batteries far exceed that of ternary lithium batteries.
2. The product power of lithium iron phosphate battery itself is also rapidly improving. A number of industry experts said that the current product performance and cost advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries are very prominent. Since BYD launched the lithium iron phosphate blade battery in 2020, the "traditional disadvantage" that the energy density is lower than that of the ternary lithium battery has been weakened. At the same time, continuous technological innovation has enabled the lithium iron phosphate battery to basically meet the needs of all models with a battery life of less than 600 kilometers. In particular, new energy car companies such as BYD and Tesla have brought strong impetus to the growth of demand for lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Regarding the future power battery market structure, Chen Yongchong, a professor at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, "The future new energy vehicle market is expected to be more subdivided. In the short-range low-speed or medium-short-range electric vehicle market, lithium iron phosphate batteries are likely to maintain a mainstream position, but For long-distance or other vehicles, ternary lithium batteries are also expected to maintain certain advantages."
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